Sudden hearing loss: symptoms, remedies and causes
It can happen without any warning. You might hear an extremely loud popping noise that grows quieter, followed by pressure in your head, ringing in your ears, and dizziness. Or you may simply wake up one morning and not be able to hear out of one ear. A third possibility is a feeling of fullness in your ear with gradual loss of hearing over a few days. Any of these scenarios is frightening and especially disconcerting when tests and exams don’t uncover an underlying cause.
Imagine what it is like to be going about your daily routine when suddenly you hear a loud popping sound followed by intense pressure in your head, a ringing sound in your ears and feeling incredibly dizzy. How about waking up one morning and realising that you can’t hear in one ear? Perhaps you have a strange sensation that your ears feel full and clogged and your hearing suddenly deteriorates over a matter of days? This may sound like a nightmare, but it can be a frightening reality if you have sudden hearing loss.
As its name suggests, sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) or sudden hearing deafness happens suddenly and without warning. If that isn’t alarming enough, in many cases of sudden hearing loss, there’s no identified cause – this is known as idiopathic SSHL. SSH can vary in severity and can affect anyone, regardless of age, lifestyle or whether or not they have any history of ear problems. It usually only impacts one ear (unilateral) but around 1%-4% of SSHL cases involve both ears (bilateral), although it’s rare for both ears to be affected at the same time.
Symptoms of SSHL should never be taken lightly. Sudden hearing loss is considered a medical emergency, so if it happens to either yourself or a loved one, you need to seek medical help immediately. If you wait any longer than three days to get help, there may not be anything that can be done to help you. The sooner you act, the better prognosis you have for your hearing health.
What are the signs of sudden hearing loss?
The main signs that you have sudden hearing loss is an extremely loud ‘pop’ sound before your hearing suddenly decreases. You may experience a feeling of fullness in your ears or that they are clogged and your hearing rapidly decreases over a few days. A key indicator of SSHL is when your hearing has dropped to at least 30 decibels in 72 hours. You will find that despite people talking at a normal conversation volume, it now sounds like they are whispering. Other symptoms can include:
- Vertigo and dizziness
- Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Ears feel clogged
- Pressure in the ear
Learn more about SSHL
How is SSHL diagnosed?
Although your hearing may have dramatically deteriorated in a very short amount of time, you may otherwise feel physically well and show no outward sign that anything is wrong. Your doctor or hearing care professional will, therefore, want to ask you several questions to find out more your symptoms, how long you’ve had SSHL and to what degree your hearing has dropped.
They will also likely ask you about your medical history and do a physical examination of the inside and outside of your ear to see if they can easily determine the cause, such as earwax clogging your ear. There are several tests that your doctor or hearing care professional may perform to try to decipher the cause of your sudden hearing loss.
- Pure-tone audiometry: This test will measure your hearing threshold and is the main diagnostic tool to distinguish between conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss. Pure-tone thresholds are used to identify the softest audible sound you can hear at least half of the time. Your hearing sensitivity will then be plotted on a graph to show the intensity as a function of frequency – this is called an audiogram.
- Speech-in-noise (SIN) testing: This enables your doctor or hearing care professional to assess your hearing in noisy surroundings. It helps in the measurement and evaluation of the functional capacity of your hearing system and is particularly effective in cases of single-sided deafness.
- Otoacoustic emissions: This test involves inserting a small probe inside your ear canal to measure the soft vibrating sounds that occur when the outer hair cells located in your inner ear stimulated. If you have a blockage in your ear, then there will be no nerve responses.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI has become invaluable in providing insights into the potential causes of SSHL. Around 30%-50% of people with SSHL will have abnormalities show up on their MRI scans. Its high-resolution sequences can pick up subtle changes in the inner ear. It shows whether there is an unusual inflammatory patterns and asymmetry of the signal between the unaffected and affected sides.
What are the causes of SSHL?
Similar to regular sensorineural hearing loss, SSHL relates to damage to the auditory pathway located between the ear and brain or in the inner ear. If you have sudden hearing loss in both of your ears, the underlying cause for your sudden hearing loss could be one of more than 100. However, certain signs could indicate what has caused your SSHL. If you for instance experience repeated episodes of sudden hearing loss, it could be that the underlying cause relates to a primary neurologic disorder, bilateral Ménière’s disease or an autoimmune or metabolic disorder. Some of the other potential causes of SSHL include:
- Inner ear disease: Ménière’s disease can cause incidences of SSHL, especially if you experience repeated episodes. This condition has been linked with abnormalities in the quantity, composition and at times the pressure of the fluid in the endolymphatic sac which is in your inner ear.
- Viral infections: There has been evidence that viral infections can lead to sudden hearing loss. Some researchers believe that viral diseases and infections account for as many as 60% of SSHL cases. Viral-related hearing loss is likely caused by inflammation of the inner ear or auditory nerve, even though you may not experience any fever, pain or muscle cramps, which are common signs of a viral illness. Mumps is the only virus that experts have been able to definitively link to SSHL.
- Bacterial infections: Two bacterial infections that are common causes of SSHL in some countries are Lyme disease and syphilis. Research has found that SSHL may relate to Borrelia burgdorferi infection, the principal bacteria that causes Lyme disease in certain regions. Otosyphilis, a complication of syphilis, has also been identified as causing sensorineural hearing loss, affecting one or both ears.
- Autoimmune diseases: It’s become well documented that there is a link between Cogan syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune rheumatologic disorders and hearing loss. These account for around 4%-6% of SSHL cases.
- Exposure to ototoxic drugs: There are at least 200 prescribed and over-the-counter medicines that are ototoxic and have hearing-related side-effects such as SSHL.
- Medical procedures: Approximately one in 1,000 patients who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass are known to experience symptoms of SSHL. It’s unusual for SSHL to occur following the administration of general anaesthesia to patients undergoing non-cardiac procedures and surgeries that don’t involve the ear. Just 44 have so far been reported which have mostly occurred following abdominal, gynaecologic and ophthalmic procedures.
- Blood circulation problems: Blood-flow change in the inner ear related to circulatory disorders has been a reported major cause of SSHL.
- Coronary disease: While a study identified a connection between coronary risk factors and risk factors for SSHL, it didn’t show that high cholesterol is also a risk factor. A subsequent study of patients with high cholesterol found a 1.62 times greater incidence of SSHL among the group.
- Tumours: Somewhere between 10%-20% of people with SSHL have a benign acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma), while cerebellopontine tumours are a much rarer cause.
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): While SSHL is a rare symptom of MS, it is two to 12 times more common in people with this disease compared to the wider population, according to a Finnish study.
- Chronic stress and mental health issues: Stress is widely believed to be related to the onset of SSHL. A 2019 study found 81% of patients studied had higher-than-normal stress levels when admitted. But while being admitted to the hospital is a stressful time, researchers were able to conclude that these people in fact had higher levels of stress before the onset of SSHL than usual. A further study found high levels of mental problems (90%), and psychosomatic disorders (more than 70%) among people diagnosed with SSHL.
How is SSHL treated?
If doctors have been able to identify what has caused your specific case of SSHL, that will influence the treatment they recommend for you. In some incidences, SSHL will simply resolve by itself after a few weeks with no obvious explanation. But this should never be taken for granted. If you experience sudden hearing loss then you should get medical advice and treatment as soon as possible. The sooner you start treatment, the better your chance of making a good recovery. As there is often no identified cause in most cases of SSHL, treatments can vary. Some treatment options include:
- Hyperbaric oxygen
- Antiviral medications
- Vasodilators
- Systemic steroids
Oral steroid therapy: This is a common treatment for SSHL. However, direct intratympanic injection of steroids into the middle ear is often more effective as the steroid medication can flow directly to the inner ear. You may find that you are given a course of high dose oral steroids which you will need to begin as soon as possible. Some people have reported an improvement in just the first 14 days of starting steroid treatment. However, as there can sometimes be certain side effects with taking steroids, you will need to be monitored while taking them.
Advances in treatment
A study that explored the potential use of a neuro-rehabilitation approach to treating SSHL discovered that sound therapy could offer a safe, easy, inexpensive and effective treatment. This treatment therapy involves people listening to music intensively through their affected hear. The treatment would need to be administered in a hospital, but it could offer a promising non-invasive treatment.
A woman with SSHL in her left ear was given a concentrated pharmacological treatment of high-dose oral corticosteroids over 17 days. Combined with pharmacotherapy, she was given 15 one-hour sessions each day of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to increase the level of oxygen in the inner ear fluids. While the woman initially experienced nearsightedness for around six days, she did report that she regained full hearing following the treatment.
What is my prognosis for recovery?
How well you recover from SSHL will depend on your age, the severity of the hearing loss and the timeframe between symptoms starting and treatment starting. When treatment begins within the first 14 days after the onset of symptoms, around 80% of people will see some improvement, while others will recover their normal hearing. If you drink alcohol regularly or have a blood-vessel disease, you have a higher risk of poor hearing. So, improving your lifestyle and health will help considerably in your recovery.
What is my next step?
While sudden hearing loss can be a frightening experience, getting treatment as soon as possible will give you better a chance of a quicker and better recovery. Delaying diagnosis and treatment can lead to a permanent loss of hearing. If you think you have sudden hearing loss or are worried about your hearing, schedule a consultation with a hearing care professional or your doctor and get the immediate treatment you need to protect your hearing health.
What are the causes of sudden hearing loss?
Viral infections
Circulatory and metabolic conditions
Ear infections
Brain tumour or a stroke
What virus causes sudden hearing loss?
Several viruses are known to cause sudden hearing loss, most commonly a condition called sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). This happens when a viral infection affects the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the body’s immune response to infection damages hearing structures.
- One of the most frequently implicated viruses is herpes simplex virus (HSV), which can remain dormant in the body and reactivate, causing inflammation of the auditory nerve. Varicella-zoster virus, the virus responsible for chickenpox and shingles, can also cause sudden hearing loss, particularly in cases of Ramsay Hunt syndrome, which may include ear pain, facial weakness, and hearing changes.
- Influenza viruses are another recognised cause. Hearing loss may occur during or shortly after a severe flu infection due to inflammation or reduced blood supply to the inner ear. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which causes glandular fever, have also been linked to sudden hearing loss in adults.
- More recently, researchers have explored whether COVID-19 can cause sudden hearing loss. While rare, some cases suggest that COVID-19 may trigger hearing loss through inflammation, immune reactions, or vascular effects.
- It’s important to note that in many cases of sudden hearing loss, the exact viral cause is never confirmed. Regardless of the trigger, sudden hearing loss is a medical emergency, and early treatment significantly improves the chance of recovery.
What is the most common cause of sudden hearing loss?
The most common cause of sudden hearing loss is a condition known as sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). This type of hearing loss occurs when there is a rapid problem in the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the pathways that transmit sound to the brain. In most cases, SSNHL affects one ear and develops over a period of hours or a few days.
Although many possible triggers have been identified, the exact cause of SSNHL is often unknown. When no clear cause is found, it is described as idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which accounts for the majority of cases. Among the suspected underlying mechanisms, viral infections are considered the most common contributor. Viruses can cause inflammation or damage to the inner ear structures or auditory nerve, leading to a sudden drop in hearing.
Other potential contributors include reduced blood flow to the inner ear, immune system reactions, and inner ear membrane ruptures. Less commonly, SSNHL may be linked to head trauma, neurological conditions, or growths affecting the auditory nerve.
Because SSNHL is the most frequent cause of sudden hearing loss and can become permanent without treatment, it is considered a medical emergency. Prompt evaluation and early treatment—often with corticosteroids—significantly improve the chances of partial or full hearing recovery.
Can TMJ cause sudden hearing loss and deafness?
Can a sudden loud noise cause hearing loss?
Causes of sudden low frequency hearing loss
Sudden low-frequency hearing loss is a less common form of sudden hearing loss that mainly affects the ability to hear deeper, bass-like sounds. It often develops quickly, over hours or days, and can occur in one ear. Unlike typical sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which usually affects high frequencies, low-frequency loss is often linked to specific inner ear conditions.
- One of the most common causes is Ménière’s disease or early endolymphatic hydrops. In this condition, changes in fluid pressure within the inner ear interfere with how low-frequency sounds are processed. It may be accompanied by symptoms such as ear fullness, tinnitus, dizziness, or vertigo.
- Another possible cause is sudden sensorineural hearing loss affecting low frequencies, which may be related to viral infections, immune responses, or reduced blood flow to the inner ear. In some cases, stress and hormonal changes are thought to contribute by affecting inner ear fluid balance.
- Eustachian tube dysfunction or middle-ear pressure problems can also cause sudden low-frequency hearing changes. This type of loss is usually conductive and may be linked to allergies, sinus infections, or recent upper respiratory illness.
- Less commonly, low-frequency hearing loss may be associated with autoimmune inner ear disease or inner ear inflammation. Because causes vary and symptoms can overlap, sudden low-frequency hearing loss should always be assessed promptly by a hearing specialist or doctor to ensure appropriate treatment and monitoring.
Sudden unilateral hearing loss causes
What causes sudden temporary hearing loss?
- Sudden temporary hearing loss is a rapid reduction in hearing that usually improves once the underlying cause is treated or resolves on its own. It can affect one or both ears and may develop over hours or days. In many cases, it is linked to problems in the outer or middle ear rather than permanent damage to the inner ear. One of the most common causes is earwax (cerumen) buildup, which can suddenly block the ear canal and reduce sound transmission.
- Middle ear infections or fluid buildup behind the eardrum can also cause temporary hearing loss, especially during colds, sinus infections, or allergies. Eustachian tube dysfunction, often triggered by pressure changes during flying or diving, may lead to muffled hearing or a feeling of fullness in the ear. Exposure to loud noise can cause a temporary threshold shift, where hearing becomes dull or muffled for hours or days before recovering. Inflammation from viral infections can also temporarily affect hearing, particularly if the inner ear is irritated but not permanently damaged.
- In some cases, medications with temporary ototoxic effects or sudden changes in blood pressure can affect hearing briefly. Stress and fatigue may worsen symptoms but are rarely the sole cause.
- Although hearing often returns, sudden hearing loss should always be assessed by a healthcare professional to rule out more serious conditions and ensure appropriate treatment.
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: definition and causes
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a rapid loss of hearing that occurs over hours or a few days and usually affects the inner ear or the auditory nerve. In many cases, it happens in one ear and is considered a medical emergency because early treatment can improve recovery.
- The exact cause of SSNHL is often unknown, but several underlying factors are commonly suspected. Viral infections are considered one of the leading causes. Viruses such as herpes simplex, influenza, Epstein–Barr, or varicella-zoster may damage the inner ear or trigger inflammation of the auditory nerve. In many cases, the virus is never directly identified.
- Circulatory problems are another possible cause. Reduced blood flow to the inner ear, caused by blood clots, vascular spasm, high blood pressure, or cardiovascular disease, can deprive delicate inner ear structures of oxygen, leading to sudden hearing loss.
- Autoimmune inner ear disease may also cause SSNHL when the immune system mistakenly attacks inner ear tissues. Metabolic conditions such as diabetes can increase risk by affecting blood vessels and nerve function.
- Less common causes include head trauma, inner ear membrane rupture, exposure to ototoxic medications, or neurological conditions such as acoustic neuroma or, rarely, stroke.
- Because SSNHL can become permanent without prompt care, sudden hearing loss should always be evaluated urgently by a medical professional.
What can cause sudden onset hearing loss?
- Sudden onset hearing loss is a rapid decrease in hearing that develops over hours or a few days and can affect one or both ears. It can be frightening and should always be taken seriously, as some causes require urgent treatment.
- One of the most common causes is sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), which involves the inner ear or auditory nerve. In many cases, the exact cause is unknown, but suspected triggers include viral infections, inflammation, reduced blood flow to the inner ear, or immune system reactions.
- Problems affecting sound transmission can also cause sudden hearing loss. These include earwax blockage, middle ear infections, fluid behind the eardrum, or Eustachian tube dysfunction, often linked to colds, allergies, or pressure changes from flying or diving. These causes are usually temporary and conductive in nature.
- Exposure to a sudden loud noise, such as an explosion, gunshot, or very loud music, can cause acoustic trauma and lead to immediate hearing loss. Certain medications with ototoxic effects may also trigger sudden changes in hearing.
- Less commonly, sudden onset hearing loss may be linked to neurological or vascular conditions, such as a stroke, head injury, or a benign tumour affecting the auditory nerve. Autoimmune diseases and metabolic conditions like diabetes can also play a role.
- Because causes range from minor to serious, any sudden hearing loss should be assessed promptly by a healthcare professional.
How common is a hearing loss sudden onset?
Sudden onset hearing loss is relatively uncommon, but it is a well-recognised medical condition that requires urgent attention. It is estimated to affect around 5 to 20 people per 100,000 each year, making it rare but not exceptional. Sudden onset hearing loss can develop over hours or a few days and often comes as a shock, particularly when it occurs without pain or warning.
The most common form is sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), which involves the inner ear or auditory nerve. In most cases, SSNHL affects one ear, so people often notice a sudden drop in hearing on one side, sometimes accompanied by tinnitus, ear fullness, or dizziness. Sudden onset hearing loss in one ear is far more common than loss in both ears.
Because the cause is often unclear, early treatment is crucial. Steroids are the standard first-line treatment for sudden onset hearing loss, as they help reduce inflammation and swelling in the inner ear. When started quickly—ideally within the first two weeks—steroids significantly improve the chances of partial or full hearing recovery.
Although sudden onset hearing loss is uncommon, it is considered a medical emergency. Anyone experiencing a rapid change in hearing, especially in one ear, should seek immediate medical assessment to rule out serious causes and begin treatment as soon as possible.
How common is sudden hearing loss?
- Sudden hearing loss, particularly sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), is considered uncommon but not rare. Medical studies estimate that sudden hearing loss affects around 5 to 20 people per 100,000 each year, although some experts believe it may be underreported because mild or temporary cases are not always diagnosed.
- The vast majority of cases involve sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which occurs when there is a problem in the inner ear or auditory nerve. SSNHL typically develops rapidly—over hours or a few days—and most often affects one ear. Many people first notice it upon waking, when one ear suddenly feels blocked or significantly quieter than the other.
- Sudden hearing loss can occur at any age but is most common in adults between 40 and 60 years old. It is less frequent in children and young adults. While the condition is rare, it is considered a medical emergency because early treatment greatly improves the chances of recovery.
- In many cases, the exact cause of SSNHL is unknown, though viral infections, circulatory problems, immune responses, and inflammation are commonly suspected. Prompt treatment—often involving corticosteroids—can lead to partial or full hearing recovery in a significant number of cases.
- Although sudden hearing loss is not common, its sudden nature and potential for permanent damage mean it should always be taken seriously and assessed urgently.
Sudden hearing loss in one ear: things to know
Sudden hearing loss in one ear can be alarming and should always be taken seriously. It typically develops over hours or a few days and may happen without warning. Many people first notice it when one ear suddenly feels blocked, much quieter, or “not right.” This condition is often linked to sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), which affects the inner ear or auditory nerve and is considered a medical emergency.
A common accompanying symptom is sudden tinnitus and hearing loss in one ear. The sudden onset of ringing, buzzing, or hissing sounds alongside reduced hearing can indicate inner ear inflammation, viral involvement, or changes in blood flow. Other symptoms may include ear fullness, dizziness, or balance problems. While some causes are temporary, such as earwax blockage or middle ear infection, many cases involve the inner ear and require urgent treatment. Viral infections, reduced circulation, immune system reactions, and, less commonly, neurological conditions can all play a role. Sudden hearing loss in one ear may also occur after loud noise exposure or head trauma.
Early treatment significantly improves the chance of recovery, especially when corticosteroids are started quickly. Anyone experiencing sudden hearing loss or sudden tinnitus in one ear should seek immediate medical assessment. Prompt action can help rule out serious causes and protect long-term hearing health.
Sudden hearing loss in one ear with no pain
- Sudden hearing loss in one ear with no pain can be surprising and worrying, especially because it often happens without any obvious cause. Even without pain, this type of hearing loss should be treated as a medical emergency, as early treatment can make a significant difference to recovery.
- The most common cause is sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). This occurs when there is a problem in the inner ear or auditory nerve, rather than the outer or middle ear. SSNHL usually develops over hours or a few days and often affects only one ear. People may describe the ear as feeling blocked, muffled, or suddenly much quieter, even though there is no earache.
- Sudden hearing loss in one ear may also be accompanied by tinnitus, such as ringing or buzzing, a feeling of pressure or fullness, or dizziness. Possible underlying causes include viral infections, inflammation, reduced blood flow to the inner ear, immune system reactions, or metabolic conditions. Less commonly, neurological causes such as a benign tumour on the auditory nerve or a vascular event may be involved.
- Because there is often no pain, people sometimes delay seeking help, assuming the problem will resolve on its own. However, prompt assessment and treatment—often involving steroids—offers the best chance of hearing recovery. Anyone experiencing sudden hearing loss in one ear, even without pain, should seek urgent medical advice.
Can hearing loss happen suddenly?
- Yes, hearing loss can happen suddenly, but it can also develop gradually over time. Whether hearing loss is sudden or gradual depends on the underlying cause, and understanding the difference is important for knowing when to seek urgent care.
- Sudden hearing loss usually develops over hours or a few days and is often unexpected. The most common form is sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), which affects the inner ear or auditory nerve. People may wake up with reduced hearing in one ear, notice sudden muffling, or experience ringing in the ear (tinnitus), ear fullness, or dizziness.
- This type of hearing loss is considered a medical emergency, as early treatment can significantly improve recovery. In contrast, gradual hearing loss develops slowly over months or years. It is often linked to ageing, long-term noise exposure, or chronic health conditions. However, some medical issues can cause hearing loss that may be either sudden or gradual.
- For example, iron deficiency is more commonly associated with gradual hearing loss, as reduced iron levels can affect oxygen delivery to the inner ear over time. In rare cases, severe or sudden drops in iron levels may contribute to more rapid hearing changes, but this is uncommon.
- Sudden hearing loss can also be caused by earwax blockage, infections, loud noise exposure, or circulatory problems. Any rapid change in hearing—especially in one ear—should be assessed promptly by a healthcare professional.
How long does sudden hearing loss last?
How long sudden hearing loss lasts depends on its cause, severity, and how quickly treatment begins.
- Sudden hearing loss usually develops over hours or a few days, but recovery can vary widely from person to person. In cases of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), which affects the inner ear or auditory nerve, hearing may begin to improve within a few days to a few weeks, especially if treatment is started early.
- Corticosteroids, often prescribed within the first 7–14 days, significantly increase the chance of partial or full recovery. Many people who recover notice the greatest improvement within the first month.
- However, sudden hearing loss does not always resolve quickly. Some individuals experience partial recovery over several months, while others may have permanent hearing loss, particularly if treatment is delayed or the hearing loss is severe at onset. If there is no improvement within the first 6–8 weeks, further recovery becomes less likely, though late improvements can still occur.
- If sudden hearing loss is caused by temporary factors—such as earwax blockage, middle ear infection, fluid buildup, or pressure changes—hearing often returns once the underlying issue is treated, sometimes within days.
- Because it is impossible to predict recovery early on, any sudden hearing loss should be treated as a medical emergency and assessed promptly to give the best chance of hearing improvement.
Is acoustic neuroma more serious than sudden hearing loss?
Hearing loss caused by an acoustic neuroma (also called vestibular schwannoma) is usually gradual, not sudden. Most people experience a slow decline in hearing in one ear over months or years, often accompanied by tinnitus, balance problems, or a feeling of fullness in the ear. Because the tumour grows slowly, symptoms can be subtle at first and easily overlooked.
However, in rare cases, acoustic neuroma can present with sudden hearing loss, which can closely resemble sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). This may happen if the tumour suddenly affects blood supply to the inner ear or causes acute nerve disruption. Although uncommon, this is why acoustic neuroma is sometimes investigated when someone has unexplained sudden hearing loss in one ear.
When comparing seriousness, acoustic neuroma is generally considered more serious than typical sudden hearing loss, even though it is usually benign (non-cancerous). Sudden hearing loss is often treatable—especially if managed quickly with steroids—and many people recover some or all of their hearing. Acoustic neuroma, by contrast, is a structural condition that does not resolve on its own and requires long-term monitoring, radiotherapy, or surgery.
That said, sudden hearing loss is a medical emergency, while acoustic neuroma is a chronic neurological condition. Both require prompt specialist assessment, especially when hearing loss affects only one ear.
Is sudden hearing loss a medical emergency?
Yes, sudden hearing loss is a medical emergency, and this is especially true when it affects one ear. Sudden hearing loss is defined as a rapid drop in hearing that develops over hours or a few days, often without pain or warning.
- The most common serious form is sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), which involves the inner ear or auditory nerve.
- When sudden hearing loss occurs in one ear, it can signal inflammation, viral infection, reduced blood flow to the inner ear, or, less commonly, a neurological condition.
- Because the exact cause is often unclear, early medical assessment is critical. Prompt treatment—most commonly with corticosteroids—significantly improves the chances of hearing recovery, particularly if started within the first one to two weeks.
- Even if hearing loss seems mild or is accompanied only by ringing (tinnitus) or ear fullness, it should not be ignored. Waiting to see if it improves on its own can reduce the effectiveness of treatment.
- In short, sudden hearing loss in one ear is an emergency, and anyone experiencing a rapid change in hearing should seek urgent medical care to protect their hearing and rule out serious underlying causes.
Health conditions related to sudden hearing loss
Sudden hearing loss can sometimes occur alongside other symptoms, and understanding these combinations is important because they may point to underlying medical conditions that need urgent attention.
- A sudden lisp can be indirectly related to hearing loss. When hearing changes abruptly, speech perception and feedback are affected, which may temporarily alter pronunciation. However, a sudden lisp combined with hearing loss can also suggest a neurological issue and should be assessed promptly.
- Experiencing sudden loss of hearing and blurred vision, or sudden loss of hearing and vision, is particularly concerning. These symptoms together may indicate problems affecting the nervous system or blood supply, such as a stroke, migraine-related events, or autoimmune conditions. If hearing and vision loss occur alongside sweating, dizziness, or confusion, emergency care is essential.
- Autoimmune disorders can also play a role. Rheumatoid arthritis and sudden hearing loss may be linked through inflammation or immune-mediated damage to the inner ear. Similarly, sudden hearing loss and fatigue can occur with viral infections, autoimmune disease, or systemic inflammation.
- Other neurological symptoms, such as sudden hearing loss and numbness in one ear, may suggest nerve involvement or reduced blood flow.
- Because these symptom combinations can indicate serious conditions, sudden hearing loss—especially when paired with vision changes, numbness, or speech changes—should always be treated as a medical emergency and evaluated immediately by a healthcare professional.
Sudden hearing loss symptoms to look to
Sudden drop in hearing
Tinnitus
Additional symptoms
Can sudden hearing loss be reversed or cured?
Does sudden hearing loss go away? Sudden hearing loss can sometimes be reversed, but the outcome depends on the cause, severity, and how quickly treatment begins. The most common serious type is sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), which affects the inner ear or auditory nerve and is considered a medical emergency.
- In many cases, partial or full recovery is possible, especially when treatment starts early. Corticosteroids are the standard first-line treatment for SSNHL because they reduce inflammation and swelling in the inner ear. When steroids are given within the first 7–14 days, the chances of hearing improvement are significantly higher. Some people notice improvement within days, while others recover gradually over weeks or months.
- If sudden hearing loss is caused by temporary factors such as earwax blockage, middle ear infection, fluid buildup, or pressure changes, hearing often returns once the underlying issue is treated. These forms of hearing loss are usually conductive and more easily reversible.
- However, sudden hearing loss is not always reversible. Severe inner ear damage, delayed treatment, or certain underlying conditions—such as vascular or neurological disorders—can lead to permanent hearing loss. Even in these cases, hearing support options like hearing aids or cochlear implants may help restore communication.
- Because recovery cannot be predicted early on, anyone experiencing sudden hearing loss should seek immediate medical care to maximise the chances of reversal and protect long-term hearing health.
What is the treatment for sudden hearing loss?
The treatment for sudden hearing loss depends on the underlying cause, but because the condition can lead to permanent damage, it is treated as a medical emergency. The most common and serious form is sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), which affects the inner ear or auditory nerve.
- The first-line treatment for SSNHL is usually corticosteroids. Steroids help reduce inflammation, swelling, and immune reactions in the inner ear. They may be given orally or delivered directly into the ear through intratympanic steroid injections. Treatment is most effective when started as early as possible, ideally within the first 7 to 14 days after hearing loss begins.
- If a specific cause is identified, treatment may be tailored accordingly. Antiviral medication may be used if a viral infection is suspected, although evidence is mixed. Antibiotics are prescribed when a bacterial ear infection is present. For hearing loss caused by earwax blockage, removal of the wax can restore hearing quickly.
- Additional treatments may include managing underlying conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or autoimmune disease, as these can affect recovery. In some cases, hearing therapy or rehabilitation is recommended during recovery.
- If hearing does not return, hearing aids or cochlear implants may be considered to improve communication and quality of life. Early assessment and prompt treatment offer the best chance of recovery.
Natural remedies for sudden hearing loss
When people look for natural remedies for sudden hearing loss, it’s important to be clear and cautious. Sudden hearing loss—especially sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL)—is a medical emergency, and there are no proven natural remedies that can replace medical treatment. Delaying proper care can reduce the chance of hearing recovery.
- That said, some supportive, natural approaches may be used alongside medical treatment, not instead of it, and only with a healthcare professional’s guidance.
- Stress reduction is often recommended. High stress levels can affect blood flow and inflammation, which may worsen symptoms. Gentle practices such as breathing exercises, meditation, or rest can support overall recovery.
- Good circulation and hydration are also important for inner ear health. Staying well hydrated and maintaining balanced nutrition can help support blood flow to the delicate structures of the inner ear. Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids may support general vascular and nerve health.
- Some people ask about vitamins or supplements, such as magnesium or antioxidants. While these may support overall health, there is limited evidence that they can reverse sudden hearing loss on their own.
- Avoiding loud noise, limiting caffeine and alcohol, and getting adequate sleep can help prevent further strain on the auditory system during recovery.
- In summary, natural approaches may support wellbeing, but sudden hearing loss requires urgent medical assessment and treatment, often with steroids. Always seek professional care first.
New treatment for sudden hearing loss
Research into new treatments for sudden hearing loss—especially sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL)—is ongoing, with the goal of improving recovery beyond standard steroid therapy. While corticosteroids remain the most widely accepted initial treatment, several emerging or adjunctive approaches are being explored:
- 🧬 Intratympanic Steroid Delivery - Although not “new,” this targeted method is increasingly used. Steroids are injected directly into the middle ear to deliver higher local concentrations with fewer systemic side effects. It’s often used when oral steroids alone are ineffective or contraindicated.
- 💉 Biologic and Anti-Inflammatory Agents - Researchers are studying drugs that modulate the immune response more precisely than traditional steroids. These include biologic agents that target specific inflammatory pathways, potentially reducing inner ear inflammation that contributes to SSNHL.
- 🧠 Neuroprotective Therapies - Experimental therapies aim to protect or repair nerve damage in the inner ear. Some studies focus on growth factors, antioxidants, or agents that support hair cell survival, hoping to preserve or restore auditory nerve function after sudden injury.
- 🧪 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) - HBOT involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized chamber, potentially improving oxygen supply to the inner ear. Some clinical protocols use HBOT as an adjunct to steroids, particularly when treatment begins early.
- 🔬 Gene and Stem Cell Therapies - Still largely in preclinical stages, gene therapy and stem cell approaches aim to regenerate damaged inner ear cells. These technologies are promising but not yet available as standard treatments.
- 📈 Emerging Drug Trials - Clinical trials continue to evaluate new medications—such as vasodilators, antiviral agents, and novel anti-inflammatory drugs—to determine if they improve outcomes when used alongside or after standard care.
🔎 Important Notes
- Sudden hearing loss is still a medical emergency. None of the emerging treatments replace urgent medical evaluation.
- Early treatment, ideally within the first 1–2 weeks, greatly improves the chances of recovery.
- Always discuss experimental or adjunctive therapies with an ENT specialist or audiologist before considering them.
Can sudden hearing loss come back?
Yes, sudden hearing loss can come back, although this does not happen in every case. Recurrence is possible, particularly in people who have underlying conditions that affect the inner ear or immune system.
- Most people experience sudden hearing loss only once, and many recover partially or fully with prompt treatment. However, recurrent sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) has been reported in a small percentage of patients. When it does recur, it may affect the same ear or the opposite ear, and the severity can vary.
- Possible reasons for sudden hearing loss coming back include autoimmune inner ear disease, Ménière’s disease, viral reactivation, or ongoing vascular problems that affect blood flow to the inner ear. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or migraine-related inner ear disorders may also increase the risk of recurrence.
- Stress and illness are sometimes reported before repeat episodes, although they are usually contributing factors rather than direct causes. Each new episode should be treated as a medical emergency, as early treatment—often with steroids—again improves the chance of recovery.
- If sudden hearing loss returns, further investigations may be needed, such as hearing tests, blood work, or imaging, to identify an underlying cause. Ongoing monitoring and management can help reduce the risk of future episodes and protect long-term hearing health.
Can sudden hearing loss get worse?
Yes, sudden hearing loss can get worse, particularly if it is not treated promptly or if the underlying cause continues to affect the inner ear. Sudden hearing loss often develops over hours or a few days, but in some cases the hearing can continue to decline after the initial onset.
- This is most often seen with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Without early treatment—usually corticosteroids—inflammation, reduced blood flow, or immune reactions in the inner ear may progress, leading to further hearing deterioration. Some people notice that mild hearing loss becomes more severe, or that additional symptoms such as tinnitus, ear fullness, or dizziness appear or intensify.
- Hearing loss may also worsen if the cause is ongoing, such as an untreated viral infection, autoimmune inner ear disease, Ménière’s disease, or vascular problems. Continued exposure to loud noise or certain medications can also aggravate hearing damage during this period.
- Because worsening hearing loss reduces the chances of recovery, any change in hearing should be assessed urgently. Even if hearing loss seems stable at first, it can still progress within the first days or weeks. Prompt medical evaluation and early treatment offer the best chance to stop further damage and improve hearing outcomes.
Do steroids help sudden hearing loss?
Yes, steroids do help sudden hearing loss in many cases, especially when the condition is sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Steroids are considered the first-line treatment for sudden onset hearing loss because they reduce inflammation, swelling, and immune responses in the inner ear that can damage hearing. For sudden onset hearing loss, steroids are usually prescribed as soon as possible, ideally within the first 7 to 14 days after symptoms begin. Steroids for sudden hearing loss may be given orally or delivered directly into the ear as intratympanic injections, particularly if oral treatment is not suitable or has not been effective. Evidence shows that steroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss significantly improve the chances of partial or full hearing recovery when started early.
You may also see references to acyclovir dose for sudden hearing loss, as antivirals have been studied due to the suspected viral causes of SSNHL. However, current evidence does not clearly support antivirals as a routine treatment. If acyclovir is considered, the dose must always be determined by a doctor, as it depends on the individual and suspected cause.
In summary, steroids for sudden hearing loss remain the most effective proven treatment. Because timing is critical, anyone experiencing sudden hearing changes should seek urgent medical care to maximise recovery.
Sudden hearing loss and Prednisone
Sudden hearing loss after a cold: remedies
Sudden hearing loss after a cold can be frightening, but it is not uncommon. Colds and other upper respiratory infections can affect the ears by causing inflammation, fluid buildup, or pressure changes that interfere with normal hearing. In many cases, this type of hearing loss is temporary and conductive, meaning sound is blocked from travelling efficiently through the ear rather than permanent inner ear damage.
- One common cause is Eustachian tube dysfunction, where congestion prevents pressure from equalising in the middle ear. This can lead to muffled hearing, ear fullness, or popping sensations. Middle ear fluid or infection after a cold can also reduce hearing temporarily. In these situations, hearing often improves as the infection and inflammation resolve.
- Simple remedies may help support recovery, such as rest, staying well hydrated, and managing nasal congestion with saline sprays or steam inhalation. Over-the-counter pain relief or decongestants may be advised in some cases, but they should be used cautiously and according to medical guidance.
- However, if hearing loss is sudden, significant, affects one ear, or is accompanied by tinnitus, dizziness, or no pain at all, it may be sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), which is not caused by congestion alone. SSNHL requires urgent medical treatment, often with steroids.
- If hearing does not improve within a few days after a cold, or worsens, prompt medical assessment is essential to rule out serious causes and protect long-term hearing.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for sudden hearing loss
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is sometimes used as an additional treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), particularly when standard steroid treatment alone has not led to sufficient improvement. SSNHL occurs when the inner ear or auditory nerve is suddenly affected, often due to inflammation, reduced blood flow, or oxygen deprivation to the delicate hearing structures. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss works by placing the patient in a pressurised chamber where they breathe 100% oxygen.
This significantly increases the amount of oxygen delivered to the blood and tissues, including the inner ear. Improved oxygen supply may help reduce swelling, support healing of damaged hair cells, and improve inner ear circulation. Many people ask how many hyperbaric oxygen treatments are needed for sudden hearing loss. While protocols vary, treatment commonly involves 10 to 20 sessions, sometimes extending to 30 sessions depending on severity and response.
Sessions are usually carried out once daily over several weeks. HBOT is most effective when started early, ideally within the first two weeks after hearing loss begins, and is often used alongside steroids rather than as a standalone therapy. Although not suitable for everyone, HBOT may improve hearing outcomes in some patients, particularly those with severe hearing loss. Because availability and suitability vary, treatment decisions should always be made in consultation with an ENT specialist.
Hearing aids for sudden hearing loss
Hearing aids for sudden hearing loss can play an important role when hearing does not fully recover after medical treatment. Sudden hearing loss—most commonly sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL)—is treated first as a medical emergency, usually with steroids or other therapies aimed at restoring hearing. However, recovery is not always complete, and some people are left with permanent hearing loss in one or both ears.
- In these cases, hearing aids may be recommended once hearing levels have stabilised, typically a few weeks to months after the initial episode. Hearing aids can help amplify sounds, improve speech understanding, and reduce listening effort in everyday situations. For people with sudden hearing loss in one ear, options may include traditional hearing aids, CROS or BiCROS systems, which route sound from the affected ear to the better-hearing ear.
- If hearing loss is severe or profound and does not respond to amplification, cochlear implants may be considered. These devices bypass damaged inner ear structures and directly stimulate the auditory nerve, offering another pathway to hearing.
- Hearing aids do not treat the underlying cause of sudden hearing loss, but they can significantly improve communication, confidence, and quality of life. An audiologist can assess hearing levels, discuss suitable options, and ensure the device is appropriately fitted and adjusted to individual needs once medical treatment is complete.
Can you fly with sudden hearing loss?
Flying with sudden hearing loss is sometimes possible, but it depends on the cause, timing, and symptoms, and medical advice should always be sought first. Sudden hearing loss—especially sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL)—is considered a medical emergency, and early treatment is far more important than travel plans.
If sudden hearing loss is caused by inner ear or nerve damage (SSNHL), flying is not usually dangerous in itself, but it may be strongly discouraged if it delays diagnosis or treatment. Steroid treatment is most effective when started quickly, and air travel should not postpone urgent medical care.
If hearing loss is due to middle ear congestion, fluid, or Eustachian tube dysfunction—such as after a cold—flying can worsen symptoms. Changes in cabin pressure may increase ear pain, fullness, dizziness, or further hearing reduction. In these cases, doctors may advise delaying travel until congestion resolves. Flying may be unsafe if sudden hearing loss is accompanied by severe dizziness, vertigo, nausea, neurological symptoms, or suspected stroke, as these require immediate evaluation.
In summary, you may be able to fly with sudden hearing loss, but you should not fly without medical clearance, especially if hearing loss is recent, unexplained, or worsening. Always consult an ENT specialist or doctor before travelling to protect both your hearing and overall health.
Sudden dizziness and loss of hearing
Sudden dizziness and loss of hearing occurring together can be alarming and should always be taken seriously. This combination of symptoms often points to a problem affecting the inner ear, which plays a key role in both hearing and balance.
- One possible cause is sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) accompanied by vestibular involvement. In these cases, people may experience a rapid drop in hearing—often in one ear—alongside dizziness, vertigo, or a sense of imbalance.
- Viral infections, inflammation, reduced blood flow to the inner ear, or immune reactions are commonly suspected triggers. Another important cause is Ménière’s disease, which is linked to abnormal fluid pressure in the inner ear.
- Sudden dizziness, hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness in the ear are typical features, although symptoms may come and go. Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis, usually following a viral illness, can also cause sudden dizziness; labyrinthitis specifically affects both balance and hearing.
- In rarer but serious cases, sudden dizziness and hearing loss may be associated with neurological or vascular conditions, such as a stroke affecting the areas that supply the inner ear or brainstem. This is especially concerning if symptoms are accompanied by vision changes, weakness, speech problems, or severe headache.
- Because early treatment improves outcomes, anyone experiencing sudden dizziness with hearing loss should seek urgent medical assessment to determine the cause and begin appropriate treatment.
Sudden hearing loss, ringing in ears and tinnitus
- Sudden hearing loss accompanied by ringing in the ears (tinnitus) is a concerning combination of symptoms and should never be ignored. Tinnitus often presents as ringing, buzzing, hissing, or whistling sounds and is commonly reported when hearing changes occur suddenly, particularly in one ear.
- This symptom pattern is frequently associated with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), a condition affecting the inner ear or auditory nerve. SSNHL usually develops over hours or a few days and often occurs without pain, which can lead people to underestimate its seriousness. The sudden onset of tinnitus is thought to result from damage or irritation to the inner ear hair cells or auditory nerve, which disrupts normal sound signal processing.
- Other possible causes include viral infections, inflammation, reduced blood flow to the inner ear, autoimmune reactions, or exposure to sudden loud noise. In some cases, middle ear issues such as ear infections or wax blockage may cause hearing loss and tinnitus, but these are typically temporary and conductive in nature.
- Tinnitus that appears suddenly alongside hearing loss is a key warning sign. Early treatment—most commonly with corticosteroids—can significantly improve the chances of hearing recovery if started quickly, ideally within the first two weeks. Anyone experiencing sudden hearing loss with ringing in the ears should seek urgent medical assessment, as prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical for protecting long-term hearing.
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is a form of sudden hearing loss where no clear underlying cause can be identified, even after medical investigation. It is defined as a rapid loss of hearing—typically 30 decibels or more across at least three consecutive frequencies within 72 hours—and it affects the inner ear or auditory nerve. In most cases, it occurs in one ear and develops suddenly, often without pain.
- “Idiopathic” means that despite tests and examinations, doctors cannot pinpoint a specific trigger. This is common: the majority of sudden sensorineural hearing loss cases are idiopathic. However, several mechanisms are suspected, including viral infections, reduced blood flow to the inner ear, immune system reactions, or inflammation affecting the auditory nerve. These factors may cause damage that is difficult to confirm directly.
- Symptoms often include a sudden drop in hearing, ringing in the ear (tinnitus), a feeling of fullness or pressure, and sometimes dizziness or imbalance. Because the onset is sudden and unpredictable, the condition can be distressing.
- Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss is considered a medical emergency. Early treatment—most commonly with corticosteroids, given orally or via intratympanic injection—offers the best chance of hearing recovery, especially when started within the first 7–14 days.
- Even when the cause is unknown, prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical to improving outcomes and protecting long-term hearing.
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