What is ear grommet insertion in adults and children?

Doctor demonstrating a plastic ear to a patient

Ear grommets, also known as ventilation or tympanostomy tubes, are small ear tubes inserted into the eardrums by a medical professional and can be done both on adults and children. These tiny tubes play a crucial role in addressing conditions like glue ear, where thick, sticky fluid accumulates in the middle ear, often resulting from chronic ear infections. Glue ear can impact various aspects of one's health, if you suspect that you may be experiencing glue ear, seeking advice from a healthcare provider is essential.

What are ear grommets for? A solution for glue ear

Ear grommets are tiny tubes, typically made of materials like plastic or Teflon with coatings to minimize infection risks. Their primary function is to facilitate the flow of air into the middle ear and aid in the drainage of thick fluids down the back of the nose and throat. Individuals experiencing prolonged glue ear or frequent ear infections may find grommets in ears beneficial. Prolonged glue ear can lead to hearing loss, making the placement of grommets a valuable intervention to address such issues. There are two main types of grommets: 

  • Short-term tubes: smaller in size, generally remain in place for about six months to a year before naturally falling out
  • Long-term tubes: larger and equipped with flanges for stability, provide a more extended solution for sustained ear health

What does "bilateral grommets" mean?

"Bilateral grommets" refers to the placement of grommets in both ears. When grommets are inserted bilaterally, it means that they are placed in both the left and right ears. This is often done when a person experiences chronic middle ear problems or fluid buildup in both ears, and the insertion of grommets is deemed necessary to alleviate these issues. 

What do ear grommets look like?

Ear grommets are small, cylindrical devices typically made of silicone or plastic. They are designed to be inserted into a tiny incision in the eardrum to facilitate drainage and ventilation of the middle ear. Grommets come in various sizes and shapes, but they generally have a hollow center to allow for the passage of air and fluids.

In appearance, grommets resemble tiny tubes or cylinders with flanges or discs on each end. The flanges or discs help hold the grommet in place on the eardrum and prevent it from migrating out of position. Grommets may be clear or translucent, making them barely visible when inserted into the eardrum.

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Ear grommet surgery: how does it work?

Grommets are inserted in the ears by a surgeon who conducts a myringotomy, an operation performed in a hospital under general anesthesia. This ensures a painless experience for the individual undergoing the procedure. The myringotomy involves a small incision in the eardrum, enabling the suctioning of fluid from the middle ear before the grommet is carefully placed. Typically conducted under a surgical microscope with a small scalpel, this day surgery procedure lasts approximately 30 to 45 minutes, encompassing the administration of anesthesia, the operation itself, and recovery room time. Patients, including children, are often well enough to return home within two hours of the procedure.

Without the insertion of a grommet, the hole created during the myringotomy would naturally close within a few days. The grommet serves a crucial role in maintaining the opening, allowing for ventilation and the free flow of air into the middle ear space. For those seeking effective solutions to ear health concerns, the myringotomy and grommet insertion procedure offer a safe and efficient means to promote auditory well-being.

Possible discharge after grommets myringotomy

If the ear experiences significant inflammation, it's possible to observe discharge after the grommets placement, such as ear bleeding or ongoing fluid discharge for up to a day after the operation. This occurrence is normal, and it's advised to clean the external ear as needed. However, it's crucial never to insert anything into the ear canal. Post-surgery, the patient is under observation in the recovery room and typically can return home within an hour if no complications arise. Ear drops and painkillers may be prescribed in case of discomfort or discharge.

How long does grommet surgery take?

The duration of ear grommet operation can vary depending on several factors, including the complexity of the procedure and any additional treatments required. However, in general, grommet surgery typically takes around 15 to 30 minutes to perform.

What's the cost of ear grommets surgery?

In Australia, the cost of ear grommet surgery can vary depending on factors such as the specific location, the healthcare provider, insurance coverage, and any additional fees. On average, the cost of grommet surgery in Australia can range from $1,500 to $3,000 per ear. However, prices may vary, so it's essential to consult with your healthcare provider and insurance company for an accurate estimate based on your individual circumstances.

How long to keep ears dry after grommets insertion

Doctor with stethoscope

Post-procedure, it's vital to avoid water exposure to prevent infections. While ear plugs can keep water out effectively, recent studies suggest moisture protection may not be essential after grommet placement, except for specific activities like diving or in potentially contaminated water. The advisable ear plugs for grommets' protection are the ones made of silicone that are easily insertable and removable, forming an airtight seal in the ear canal for efficient protection. Some soft silicone options in this category are particularly moldable and hypoallergenic, making them ideal also for swimmers.

Ear grommets in adults and children recovery time

Doctor conducting patient's hearing level test

After the insertion of ear grommets, a recovery period is necessary, typically ranging from 1 to 2 days or weeks, depending on individual circumstances. During this time, it is advisable for you or your child to take time off from work or school to facilitate a complete recovery. Engaging in swimming pool activities or lessons should be avoided until the postoperative appointment with your ENT Specialist. Following the specialist's guidance, you may gradually reintroduce these activities, utilizing appropriate swimming ear plugs to ensure protection and support for the healing process. Prioritizing a cautious and gradual return to normal activities contributes to a smoother recovery after ear grommet placement.

Ear grommets falling out

Typically, regular ear grommets stay in the eardrum for an average of 8 months, though this timeframe can vary between 3 to 24 months. Eventually, the grommet will naturally dislodge from the eardrum, often coming out with earwax. Regular ear examinations serve as indicators of when grommets have naturally fallen out. Following the grommet's expulsion, the eardrum's perforation often heals rapidly. However, in certain cases, children may experience a recurrence of fluid in the ear, potentially leading to a reappearance of glue ear. In such instances, a subsequent operation may be necessary to insert new grommets and address the condition effectively.

Why can I see the grommet in my child's ear?

If you can see the grommet in your child's ear, it's likely because the grommet has become dislodged or has partially come out of the ear canal. Grommets, also known as tympanostomy tubes or ear tubes, are tiny tubes inserted into the eardrum to allow for drainage and ventilation of the middle ear. They are often used to treat conditions such as recurrent ear infections or fluid buildup in the middle ear.

There are a few reasons why a grommet may become visible:

  1. Dislodgement: Grommets can sometimes become dislodged from their original position in the eardrum. This can happen due to physical activity, changes in pressure (such as during air travel), or manipulation of the ears.
  2. Migration: In some cases, grommets may migrate out of the eardrum and into the ear canal over time. This can occur as the eardrum heals and pushes the grommet out, or if the grommet becomes loose.
  3. Partial extrusion: Sometimes, only part of the grommet may come out of the ear canal, making it visible to the naked eye. This can happen if the grommet becomes partially dislodged or if the eardrum starts to heal around the edges of the grommet.

If you can see the grommet in your child's ear, it's important to contact their healthcare provider for further evaluation. They can assess the situation and determine whether any action needs to be taken, such as removing the grommet or monitoring the ear for signs of infection or other complications.

Side effects of myringotomy

While ear grommet placement is generally considered a safe and common procedure, like any medical intervention, it may have some potential risks, here's the side effects of ear grommets in both adults and children:

1. Ear infection with grommets

 

Ear infections after ear grommet surgery can occur in the middle ear or around the grommet, albeit less frequently than without the procedure. These infections are usually easier to treat, often requiring only ear drops. Additionally, there is the possibility of grommets coming out too early or remaining in place for an extended period. If a grommet expels prematurely, fluid may return, necessitating repeat surgery.

2. Perforated eardrum

 

Eardrum perforation is a possible complication that can occur if a tube comes out or a long-term tube is removed, and the hole in the tympanic membrane (the eardrum) fails to close.

In such cases, a minor surgical procedure known as tympanoplasty may be required to patch the hole.

3. Tympanosclerosis

 

Tympanosclerosis refers to the scarring of the eardrum or tympanic membrane. The eardrum, a delicate and transparent membrane that serves as a barrier between the outer and middle ear, can undergo scarring due to factors such as injury or surgical procedures. The scarring manifests as distinct bright, chalky white lesions or spots on the eardrum. This condition alters the normal structure of the eardrum and can have implications for auditory function and overall ear health.

4. A feeling of blocked ears

 

It is a common experience for individuals to sense a feeling of blocked ears after grommet surgery. The sensation of blockage may persist for weeks or even months as the delicate structures within the ear gradually readjust to a normal state post-ventilation tube placement. This adjustment period is a natural part of the healing process, and individuals may find relief as their ears gradually acclimate to the presence of the tubes. 

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5. Excessive ear wax

Excessive ear wax production is a common concern that can happen after grommet insertion. Here are some potential reasons for excessive ear wax after grommet placement and some tips on managing it:

  • Altered ear canal environment: Grommets can change the environment of the ear canal, leading to increased production of ear wax. The tubes may disrupt the usual flow of wax out of the ear
  • Dry ear canal: Grommets can sometimes lead to a drier ear canal, causing the wax to become more sticky and less likely to flow out naturally
  • Foreign body reaction: The presence of grommets might trigger the ear to produce more wax as a protective response to the foreign body

Grommet stuck or blocked in ear the canal: symptoms

If a grommet becomes stuck or blocked in the ear canal, it can lead to various symptoms:

  1. Pain or discomfort: The presence of a grommet stuck in the ear canal can cause pain or discomfort, especially if it irritates the delicate tissues of the ear canal or presses against the eardrum.
  2. Hearing changes: A blocked grommet or one stuck in the ear canal may affect hearing. This can manifest as a sensation of muffled or reduced hearing in the affected ear.
  3. Ear drainage: In some cases, a blocked grommet can lead to the accumulation of fluid or discharge in the ear canal. This may be accompanied by pain or a sensation of fullness in the ear.
  4. Ear infections: Blocked grommets can increase the risk of recurrent ear infections, as they may interfere with proper ventilation and drainage of the middle ear. Symptoms of an ear infection may include ear pain, fever, drainage from the ear, and irritability in infants and young children.
  5. Tinnitus: Some individuals may experience tinnitus, which is a perception of ringing, buzzing, or other noises in the ears, when grommets are blocked or stuck in the ear canal.

If you or your child experience any of these symptoms, it's important to seek medical attention promptly. An ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist (otolaryngologist) can evaluate the situation and determine the appropriate course of action, which may include removing the grommet or addressing any underlying issues.

How to clean ears with grommets?

Cleaning ears with grommets requires special care to prevent damage to the tubes and the ear canal. Here are some general guidelines, but it's essential to follow your healthcare provider's specific instructions:

  • Ear drops: Your doctor may recommend using ear drops to soften any wax. Follow the prescribed instructions for the type and frequency of the drops
  • Cleaning the external ear: Gently clean the external part of the ear with a washcloth. Avoid inserting anything into the ear canal, especially if you feel resistance or encounter pain
  • Do not use cotton buds: Avoid using cotton swabs to clean inside the ear canal, as this can push wax further down and potentially damage the grommet
  • Professional cleaning: If there is a significant wax buildup, consult your ENT specialist for professional ear cleaning. They can use specialized tools to safely remove excess wax without harming the grommets
  • Regular check-ups: Schedule regular follow-up appointments with your ENT specialist to monitor the condition of the grommets and ensure proper ear health

Can you wear hearing aids with grommets?

Yes, it is possible to wear hearing aids with grommets. While grommets are in place, they typically do not interfere with the use of hearing aids.

However, it's essential to consult with an audiologist before using hearing aids with grommets. They can assess your individual situation, including the type and severity of your hearing loss, the condition of your ears, and the placement of the grommets, to determine the most appropriate course of action.

In some cases, modifications or adjustments to the hearing aids may be necessary to ensure compatibility with the presence of grommets. Additionally, regular monitoring of the ears and hearing function may be recommended to ensure that both the grommets and the hearing aids are effectively addressing any underlying issues with hearing loss or middle ear problems.

FAQs about ear grommets

How to remove grommets from ears?

Certain extruded grommets may remain in the ear canal, positioned near the eardrum, potentially leading to blockages and hearing challenges due to subsequent wax accumulation. To address this issue, removal techniques like micro suction or micro forceps can be employed. Although the majority of grommets typically naturally extrude from the eardrum, there are instances where it becomes necessary for an ENT doctor to perform their removal. This uncomplicated procedure is conducted under topical local anesthesia, utilizing specialized small instruments. The small opening left after removal typically undergoes complete healing within a few weeks.

Can you still get ear infections with grommets?

After the insertion of ear grommets, there is a risk of ear infections, particularly if dirty water enters the ear. To minimize this risk, it is advisable to keep the ears dry until the grommets naturally fall out, allowing the eardrums to heal. Preventing exposure to contaminated water, such as in swimming pools, lakes, or other environments, is crucial during this period. Maintaining ear hygiene helps safeguard against infections, ensuring a smoother healing process for the ears with grommets. 

Can you fly with grommets in your ears?

For the majority of children and adults, air travel is generally feasible as soon as the day following grommet insertion. The process of flying after grommet placement is typically considered safe. However, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to ensure personalized guidance based on individual health conditions and the specific circumstances surrounding the grommet insertion. Following any medical procedure, including grommet placement, obtaining professional advice ensures a smooth and comfortable experience during air travel.

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